Mastering the Comma: A Guide to Conjunctions and Subordinates

The comma, a seemingly small punctuation mark, plays a vital role in constructing clear and grammatically sound sentences. Understanding how to wield this tiny tool effectively can significantly improve your writing. This guide explores the rules governing comma usage, particularly when dealing with conjunctions and subordinates.

Understanding Conjunctions: The FANBOYS

Conjunctions are words that connect clauses, phrases, and words. A helpful acronym to remember the most common conjunctions is FANBOYS:

• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So

These small but mighty words often require the assistance of a comma to properly join independent clauses. However, the rules aren't always straightforward.

When to Use a Comma with Conjunctions

Generally, place a comma before a conjunction when it connects two independent clauses (complete sentences). For example:

Bartheleme was accepted into the University of Chicago, and he is on the waitlist for Stanford University.

When to Omit the Comma with Conjunctions

A comma is not needed when a conjunction connects a complete sentence with a sentence fragment, such as:

Bartheleme is going to major in molecular biology or interpretive dance.

Subordinates: The Heavy Lifters of Sentences

Subordinates are words that connect two unequal parts of a sentence: a dependent clause and an independent clause. They establish a clear hierarchy, indicating which part of the sentence is the main idea.

Common subordinates include:

• Although
• Because
• Before
• However
• Unless
• Even though

Comma Placement with Subordinates: Location Matters

The placement of the comma depends on where the subordinate clause appears in the sentence.

• Subordinate at the Beginning: When a subordinate clause begins a sentence, place a comma after the first complete thought.

  Even though Bartheleme loves to sing, he never sings in front of others.

• Subordinate in the Middle or End: When the subordinate clause is in the middle or at the end of the sentence, a comma is generally not needed.

  Bartheleme loves engaging in political debate even though he usually loses.

The Comma's Role: Balancing the Weight

Think of the comma as a helpful friend, assisting conjunctions and subordinates in maintaining balance within a sentence. By understanding the rules outlined above, you can ensure clarity and grammatical correctness in your writing.

Italicized words are example conjunctions and subordinates.